Introduction
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. While the exact cause is unknown, hormonal changes in pregnancy may play a role, leading to difficulties in managing blood sugar levels. GDM is usually temporary, but it’s essential to understand its causes, risks, and management to ensure a healthy pregnancy.
What Increases the Risk of GDM?
Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing GDM:
- Body mass index (BMI) over 25 or 30
- Family history of diabetes
- High-risk ethnic backgrounds (e.g., South Asian, African, Afro-Caribbean)
- Prior pregnancy with GDM
- Previous large baby (over 4 kg)
Understanding these risk factors can help expectant mothers and their healthcare providers take proactive measures.
Diagnosis and Monitoring
Most women with GDM experience no symptoms. However, routine screening is usually conducted between 24 to 28 weeks using a glucose tolerance test (GTT). In this test, a blood sample is taken before and after a sugary drink to check blood glucose levels. A diagnosis is made if blood sugar is above set thresholds.
Managing GDM
Upon diagnosis, moms with GDM are often referred to a specialized team for personalized care. The initial treatment involves dietary changes and regular exercise, as these can help control blood sugar levels in many cases. Some women may require insulin or medication if lifestyle adjustments alone don’t maintain ideal blood glucose levels.
Risks and Complications
Uncontrolled GDM can increase the risk of high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery. Babies may also be larger than average, potentially leading to delivery complications.
Conclusion
With the right management and support, most women with GDM can have a healthy pregnancy and baby. For more information, contact OBSGYN London for a consultation.